The Battle of Fort Fisher, N.C.
Showing posts with label End of the Confederacy. Show all posts
Showing posts with label End of the Confederacy. Show all posts

Sunday, April 2, 2023

This Month in the Civil War: Fort Blakely, the End of the Confederacy

From the American Battlefield Trust 2023 April calendar.

APRIL 2, 1865

**  Battle of Fort Blakely, Alabama.

APRIL 2, 1865

**  Union breakthrough at Petersburg, Virginia.

APRIL 3, 1865

**  Union forces occupy Richmond, Virginia.

APRIL 5, 1862

**   Siege of Yorktown, Virginia begins and lasts for 28 days.

APRIL 6, 1862

**  Battle of Shiloh, Tennessee begins.

APRIL 8, 1864

**  Battle of Mansfield, Louisiana (Red River Expedition).

APRIL 9,1865

**  Robert E. Lee surrenders to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House, Virginia.

--Old Secesh


Sunday, June 20, 2021

Edward S. Bragg-- Part 9: End of the War

For the next several weeks, they remained in position besieging Petersburg.  They were in the trench line, which meant they were subject to  sniper fire and enemy artillery and there they remained until June 28, when they were relieved temporarily.

Finally, Edward Bragg received word of his official promotion to brigadier general, effective June 25, 1864.  They rotated back to the trenches a few weeks later.

They remained engaged in siege for the rest of the year and into early 1865.

On July 30, 1864, a Union sapper mine was exploded under the Confederate trenches resulting in what was called the Battle of the Crater.  On August  18, 1864, they were part  of a successful Union raid known as the Battle of Globe Tavern, to cut the Weldon Railroad and reduce the flow of supplies to the Petersburg defenders.

In October there was  another attempt to do that known as the Battle of Boydtown Plank Road, to sever another Confederate supply line, but the attack was withdrawn.

General Bragg's final battle of the war was the Battle of Hatcher's Run, which took place  February 6, 1865, near the site of the Battle of Boydtown  Plank Road.  The Iron Brigade took heavy casualties and, following the battle had to be significantly reorganized.

General Bragg was then summoned to Washington with four regiments and then sent to Baltimore to supervise transportation of conscripts.  He remained there until the end of the war and mustered out on October 9, 1865.

--Old Secesh

Friday, December 18, 2020

Preservation to Be Done at Alabama's Fort Blakely-- Part 1: 'The Last Stand of the Confederacy'

From the December 14, 2020, Yellowhammer  "Permanent conservation project announced for Baldwin County's Fort Blakely Battlefield" by Sean Ross.

The Conservation Fund, American Battlefield Trust and the University of South Alabama this week announced a new project for about 60 acres of the historic Fort Blakely Battlefield in Baldwin County (near Mobile).

The groups have committed to protecting this site where U.S. Colored Troops fought and won a battle in the closing days of the Civil War.

Many have called this battle "The Last Stand of the Confederacy" because it was fought as hostilities drew to a close.  On April 9, 1865, the same day Robert E. Lee was surrendering his Army of Northern Virginia at Appomattox Court House, in less than a half hour the fort was overrun by Union troops, including some 5,000 black soldiers.

This encounter marked one of the heaviest concentrations of United States Colored Troops in the war.

About 40% of the 2,000 acre battlefield is protected by the State of Alabama  However, probably the most significant quarter of the battlefield was not protected until now.

--Old Secesh


Wednesday, March 27, 2019

The Provisional and Permanent Constitutions of the Confederacy-- Part 1 Rescued From Chester, S.C.


From the Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library University of Georgia Special Collections Libraries.

The Congress of delegates from the seceding states convened in Montgomery, Alabama,  on February 4, 1861.  They quickly  adopted a provisional Constitution, and, in less than a month, devised and approved a permanent Constitution, which was adopted March 11, 1861.

The original signed manuscript consists of five vellum  sheets pasted together in a roll 148 1/2 inches long.  The manuscript was part of a wagon load of boxes  rescued from the railroad station in Chester, S.C.,  in April 1865 by Felix G. DeFontaine, a newspaper correspondent during the war.

--Old Secesh




Tuesday, March 26, 2019

Chester, S.C., End of the War-- Part 3: The Provisional and Permanent Constitutions of the Confederacy


Not only was the treasury of the Confederacy on the train, but also many important documents including both the  provisional and permanent Confederate Constitutions and the Great Seal of the Confederacy.

The Constitutions were recovered and kept safe by Felix Gregory  DeFontaine, who later sold them to museums.  The provisional one ended up in the Confederate Museum in Richmond, Va., and the permanent one  is now owned by the University of Georgia.

--Old Secesh

Saturday, March 23, 2019

Chester, S.C. At the End of the Confederacy-- Part 2: A Railroad Connection and Confederate Treasury


In 1865, with the fall of Columbia, S.C., and destruction of its rail yards, Chester was the  southern-most town that could be reached in the dying Confederacy.  It became a bustling town with an arsenal and four hospitals taking care of wounded soldiers coming in almost daily by train.  Many died and were buried in nearby cemeteries, most notably Evergreen.

In March and April, there was a huge influx of refugees.

On April 13, 1865, Chesterville's Southern railroad Station (on Lancaster Street) became the end of the line for the Confederate treasury train from Richmond.

Boxes of gold and silver, guarded by the midshipmen of the Confederate States Naval Academy and others were then loaded onto wagons and shipped south.

--Old Secesh

Friday, March 22, 2019

The End and the C.S. Naval Academy-- Part 2: On the Move Southward to Augusta


From April 3 to 9, Lt. Parker and his cadets were at Danville, Virginia, and then moved south to Greensboro, North Carolina, on April 10 and then to Charlotte on April 13.  Here the Confederate treasury that they had been guarding was placed in the Charlotte mint temporarily, but taken out as the Confederates  moved to Chester, South Carolina.

There the use of the train was abandoned and the treasury put on a wagon train, with gold packed ins small boxes and  and the silver in kegs.  The group, along with First Lady Varina Davis and her children, they traveled to Abbeville, S.C., by April 15 and stayed until the 17th and then  to Washington, Georgia, on the 19th and Augusta on the 20th.

By then, the midshipmen, Parker and the wagon train were in a serious situation.  They had no idea where President Davis or any member of the Treasury Department were.  They were helped thy the fact that they had joined a company of men under Captain Tabb back in Charlotte. But, there were bummers from Sherman's army and looters in the area.

But, he was able to secure  the treasury in the vaults of a bank in Augusta, and they remained in Augusta until after the surrender of Johnston.

--Old Secesh

Thursday, March 21, 2019

The End of the Confederacy and the Confederate Naval Academy-- Part 1


Even though the Confederate States Naval Academy (CSNA) is Navy, I will write about it here as the cadets at the end of the war were land-based.

From Wikipedia.

In the spring of 1865, as the fall of Richmond grew more likely, Secretary Mallory made the decision to relocate the school further into the interior of what was left of the Confederacy, North or South Carolina or even Georgia.   Lt. Graves was sent to find a suitable site.    Nowhere was found and Superintendent  William H. Parker rented a warehouse in Richmond and the midshipmen made preparations to sink their school ship, the CSS Patrick Henry as an obstruction in the James River.

On the afternoon of April 2, as Richmond was being evacuated, Lt. Parker received orders to report to the quartermaster of the Confederate Army and to escort President Jefferson Davis, his party, the Confederate  archives and treasury south.  Parker took 50 of his midshipmen for this task and left  Lt. James W. Billips and 10 more to set fire to and destroy the Patrick Henry.  They succeeded in this, but never succeeded in catching up with the others.

The main group guarded the train with the treasury, consisting of $500,000 which was to be used setting up  a new government seat in Danville, Virginia.  Midshipman Raphael Semmes, Jr. was detailed to the staff of his father, Admiral Raphael Semmes.  Midshipman Clifton Rodes Breckinridge was detailed to the staff as an aide to his father,  Confederate States Secretary of War, John C. Breckinridge.

--Old Secesh

Wednesday, March 20, 2019

MCCWRT March Discussion Group Meets Saturday, March 23: The End of the Confederacy and Davis' Run


This Saturday, March 23, at 10 am, the McHenry County Civil War Round Table discussion group will meet at Panera Bread in Crystal Lake, Illinois, for our monthly meeting.  Panera Bread is located at US-14 (Northwest Highway) and Main Street.

This month's topic is the end of the Confederacy concerning events in April 1865, leading to the surrender of Lee's army at Appomattox and the escape of the Confederate government southward.

It is open to all, members and non-members.  Anyone interested in history or the Civil war is cordially invited.

I will be talking about the role the Confederate States Naval Academy played at the end as well as Chester County, S.C..  See the next three posts.

--Old Secesh

Friday, January 15, 2016

Shorpy Civil War Photo: Freedmen in Richmond

From the Nov. 1, 2015, Shorpy "Free At last: 1865.

June 9, 1865.  "Negro freedmen by canal-- group of contrabands at Haxall's Mill, Richmond."  By Alexander Gardner.

Lots of ruins can be seen in the background.

--Old Secesh

Thursday, June 4, 2015

The Union's Grand Review

The Grand Review of the Armies took place in Washington, D.C. May 24th and May 25th, 1865.  Lots of dust was churned up on unpaved Pennsylvania Avenue.

General George Meade's 80,000 man Army of the Potomac marched it on May 24th.

The next day, General William Sherman's 70,000 man Army of the West followed the same route.

Sherman's army had just completed a 700-mile trek through South and North Carolina.

Sadly and unfairly, the soldiers of the USCT were not allowed to receive the glory.

--Old Secesh

Friday, April 24, 2015

Visiting the Last Days of the Confederacy

Yesterday, after battling mountain roads (along N.C., Ga. and S.C. Highway 28) and then big-time traffic and stop lights (Anderson, S.C.), we finally arrived, worn out, but bright-eyed, in Abbeville, S.C..  First thing on the agenda was to find the Burt-Stark Mansion where Davis spent the night and officially dissolved the Confederacy.

We  missed it at first, but got directions at the local 7-11 south of town and found that we had driven right by it.  Back-tracked and found it easily and stopped in the parking lot.

There was a man working in the yard, so had a nice talk with him about the place.  Sadly, there are no plans for a remembrance scheduled for May 2nd or that weekend.  I think there should have been at least something.  He said that there is always an ongoing feud between Abbeville and Washington, Georgia, as to the place where the end of the Confederacy took place.

A Bad Time for the Confederacy.  --Old Secesh

Tuesday, April 21, 2015

Last Confederate Cabinet Meetings


From a marker in Charlotte, N.C.:

The Confederate Cabinet, with President Davis, held its last full meetings April 22-26, 1865, in a house which was located here.

This is also the site where Davis was informed, on April 18, 1865, of Lincoln's death.

From a marker in Abbeville, S.C.:

Last meeting of the Confederate Cabinet held at the Burt House.  Present were Jefferson Davis, Secretary of State Judah P. Benjamin, Secretary of War John C. Breckinridge, Secretary of the Navy Stephen Mallory and Post Master General John H. Reagan.

A Council of War was also held at the same time as the cabinet meeting with the following generals in attendance: W.C. Breckinridge, George G. Dibrell, Basil Duke, S.W. Ferguson, J.C. Vaughan and Braxton Bragg.

It was decided it was useless to continue the war and that the government should be disbanded.

Good Old Braxton.  --Old Secesh



Monday, April 20, 2015

Tracking the Last Days of the Confederate Government


APRIL 26TH: Davis' Cabinet meets in Charlotte, N.C..  Attorney General George Davis of North Carolina, leaves the group

Also, Gen. Johnston surrenders to Sherman on this date and assassin John Wilkes Booth is killed.

APRIL 28TH:  Davis accepts the resignation of G.A. Trenholm as Secretary of the Treasury.  Mrs. Davis and her group arrive at Abbeville, S.C..

APRIL 29TH:  President Davis at Yorkville, S.C.

MAY 1ST:  Davis now at Cokesbury, S.C.

May 2nd:  At Abbeville, S.C., but Mrs. Davis had proceeded farther south.

MAY 3RD:  Davis crossed the Savannah River into Georgia and goes to Washington, Georgia.  Secretary of State Benjamin leaves the group and eventually makes his way to England.

MAY 4TH:  The surrender of Confederate General Richard Taylor and Lincoln buried in Springfield.  Davis continues southward.

MAY 5TH:  Davis at Sandersville, Georgia.

MAY 9TH:  President and Mrs. Davis meet near Dublin, Ga.

MAY 10TH:  President Davis is captured near Irwinville, Georgia.

--Old Secesh

Abbeville, SC's Role At End of the War: The Beginning and the End of the Confederacy

From Wikipedia.

I have been writing a lot about the flight of Confederate President Jefferson Davis at the end of the Civil War in my naval blog and have come across this place numerous times.  I didn't know anything about its connection before this, so did some further research.

Abbeville has the distinction of being the birth place and death place of the Confederacy.

On November 20, 1860, a meeting was held in Abbeville at the site now called "Secession Hall" to launch South Carolina's secession movement.  One month later, the state became the first to secede.  It is also considered to be the birthplace of noted states rights mover and former U.S. vice president John C. Calhoun, who was born on a nearby farm.

At the end of the war, President Davis entered Abbeville and spent a night at the home of his friend Armistead Burt.  On May 2nd, in the front parlor of what is now called the Burt-Stark Mansion which still stands, Davis officially acknowledged the dissolution of the Confederate government.

A Beginning and An End.  --Old Secesh


Tuesday, April 14, 2015

The Chicago Tribune Reports the End of the War-- Part 14: Prelude to Something Horrible

On the morning of April 14, 1865, Tribune readers woke up to read, "THE END OF THE WAR,"  and the fateful words, "The cruel war is well nigh over.  The republic has vindicated its integrity.  The Union was safe."

Sadly, the leader of the Union was not.

The celebration that day would be short-lived.  That very night, the calamitous event at Ford's Theatre would turn joy to sorrow and happiness to vengeance.

--Old secesh

The Chicago Tribune Reports the End of the War-- Part 13: Stop Further Bloodshed

More headlines from August 14, 1865.

Lee Going to Johnston to Stop Further Bloodshed.

Reported Defeat of Johnston's Forces.

The Capture of Selma---- Twenty-three Pieces of Artillery Taken.

Grant's Headquarters in Washington.

Interesting Details of Lee's Surrender.

VIRGINIA TRYING TO COME BACK INTO THE REUNION.

Louis Napoleon Reported Dangerously Ill.

Of Course, This News in the Morning.  The Next Day Was a Whole Different Thing.  --Old Secesh


The Chicago Tribune Reports the End of the War, April 14, 1865-- Part 12: No More Draft

These were the headlines of the paper on the morning of April 14, 1865:

NEWS BY TELEGRAPH.

THE END OF THE WAR.

The Draft Stopped and No More Recruiting.

TRADE RESTRICTIONS RESUMED.

The Expenses of the Army and Numbers of Officers Reduced.

THE NAVY DEPARTMENT REDUCING ITS FORCE

--Old Secesh

Monday, April 13, 2015

Cleveland Morning Leader Reports Victory Celebrations

From April 11, 1865:

New York--  Streets full of people celebrating.

Chicago--  Stores, courts and public offices nearly all closed.  Business entirely suspended.

Cincinnati--  200 guns fired at noon today, April 10th.

Washington, D.C.  Departments all closed on April 10th.  "Secretary Stanton expresses the opinion that there will be no more heavy fighting."

Indianapolis--  200 gun salute

Detroit--  At 3 o'clock thousands assembled and sang "The Star Spangled Banner" and other patriotic airs.  The city is most brilliantly illuminated.

--Old Secesh

AP Reports Lee's Surrender: Satisfied They Lost, But Would Have Fought On

The Surrender.

The Confederates were to be paroled and allowed to return home, but they would have to give "up everything in their hands, but last night they destroyed large amounts of property in the shape of wagons, gun carriages, baggage, papers...

"The rank and file of Lee's army are said to be well satisfied to give up the struggle, believing they have no hope of success, but they say that if Gen. Lee had refused to surrender, they would have stuck with him to the last."

--Old Secesh